Mighty's EE-T2 Osorio

[Fulix]

Originally Posted by MightyRhinox

Thanks Paulo, unfortunately the kit decals (all 3 of them) consist of the markings for the saudi trial version, so I'm going to make some new ones and make this a bit of a "what-if?"

Damn, that's a shame. I think the kit was released before this Brazilian Army version of nowadays...(?)

I think it is still possible to reproduce with kind of "accuracy", though... the version despited don't have many "decals", i belive. It's possible to see on the photos/videos some production like numbering codes (?) on the sideskirts, a Brazilian flag and Brazilian Army's chevron on the turret...

Anyway, i agree that's a good kit to try some new approches

Go for it, Rod!

[robisoncwb]

MightyRhinox,

EE-T1 Osorio - A Pride of Brazilian engineering
Written by Reginald J. da Silva Bacchi

In the early 80s the Army did a study Arabia to choose the car of combat that should be purchased in order of adding (and later replace) its fleet of AMX-30. The study indicated as the best existing car Leopard 2, recently received production for the German Army. Leopard 2 included the experience of the production and use of about 4,700 Leopard 1 German Army and 9 others as well as 1,700 vehicles derived from it such launches as bridges, antiaircraft etc. They were surprised by the German Government's refusal to authorize the sale of the vehicle countries that were not NATO members.

Thus opened a breach in the market tanks, gap This was located immediately by the President of the Engineer ENGESA Jose Luiz Ribeiro Whitaker, who decided to fill it. Initially the idea was to buy a project of some firm specializing in foreign tanks, since ENGESA had not yet designed any vehicle on tracks, and his Project Engineering Department staff had fully committed to other projects.

He was made a contact with several specialized firms and has been received information from the Thyssen-Henschel, that they had the design of that designated as Leopard 3 and is willing negotiating this project with the ENGESA. They dispatched a team the ENGESA, led by engineer Joseph William Whitaker Ribeiro, accompanied by the then Colonel Engineer Bussy Clesio Nogueira, representative of the Office of Research and Development Army Brazilian in ENGESA. What was the surprise of the Brazilian personnel when they were shown that the so-called Leopard was only 3 an improved version of TAM, but this is a derivation Combat Vehicle of Infantry of the German Army: Marder. The vehicle had not the faintest possibility to compete with vehicles of the class of Leopard 2 as the M1 Abrams, Challenger etc.Após few days of discussion Brazilian left the staff with the final response of Thyssen-Henschel: or "Leopard 3", or nothing.

Presented by another possibility: the Porsche, which in previous years the 2nd World War, during it, and after the war, had performed before numerous projects and designs of tanks. Were very well received by it, and returned to Brazil bringing Porsche's ability to realize the project of a tank together with ENGESA as the parameters set by the latter. Unfortunately once again ruined the German government All: Porsche has denied permission for the work.

The board of ENGESA took an action: The ENGESA would do the project. We established some basic parameters: since the Brazilian Army had issued an OBO (Goal Basic Operations) of the project should ENGESA as possible follow him. However a careful examination of that showed a critical item that had been observed with the "Leopard 3": weight. EB specify a maximum of 36 ton. for your car which drew the outside of the context of the tanks of the 1st line, whose weight in order to combat at the time ranged from 44.5 ton. (T-72) and 62 ton. (Challenger). This limit, on the edge of the width 3.20 m., was dictated by the feedback of railroads in Brazil.

Decided to meet the requirement as to the width and weight was given a target of 42 tons. This decision was based on the fact that in most cases the battle tank is transported in trucks by road. Another important decision was that it used a 120 mm cannon of smooth soul, with that of 105 mm L7/M68 model as an option. The 120 mm cannon, as the most powerful currently available would be offered to customers who were willing to bear a higher price, and 105 mm in those who had cost constraints. The other decisions were made by the Technical Board the ENGESA.

They created a small group of three engineers to establish what would be one that was designated EE-T1. The initial study provided a basic chassis and two versions tower. The first decision was to use the suspension bars torsion and consult several suppliers to decide the engine and transmission.

[robisoncwb]

A delegation of technicians ENGESA was the "Defence Components Exhibition "in Brighton in England, to take knowledge of what existed and could be adopted for the EE-T1. A visit to the Dunlop booth left the delegation concerned hydro pneumatic suspension in that it provided for the Challenger. It was scheduled a meeting at the headquarters of Dunlop, after view, to be an exhibition more detailed suspension. The same was so convincing that its adoption was only subject to the approval senior management of ENGESA, as implied change in the characteristics already approved for the project. The arguments of the delegation were ENGESA convincing, and the approval was quickly granted.

Regarding the transmission had two chances for EE-T1, Renk adopted for Leopard and ZFLSG 3000 that was being adopted by car fighting Korean K-1 and by the Italian Ram. The decision was made on the basis of ZF have fabricated in Brazil and have shown interest in manufacturing the same, if the EE-T1 were produced.

The question of the engine was more complicated: the first ENGESA thought about the MTU, with great fame, and used the Leopard 1 and later Leopard 2. Besides these qualities he had manufactured in Brazil as the ZF. Unfortunately MTU thinking that the market had demanded the hand a price that made the project unfeasible. Fortunately another German company, also manufactures in Brazil, MWM, showed interest and offered his motor TBD 234, 1000 CV, not yet had been used in armored vehicle, but whose characteristics were promised. The price was acceptable and it was decided their use.

During the specification there is a need to introduce the composite armor EE-T1. Coincidentally, technical the ENGESA had gone to South Africa to study the manufacturing cannon G-5 and G-6 by Armscor. In the various meetings it happen, where the subject was approached the car, the corporation South African project offered a shield that had developed and that Brazilians considered it very interesting. However the political conditions of that country, with the maintenance the policy of apartheid, have failed to a closer relationship. However, determined to develop the Osório, the ENGESA selected a team from among its engineers and ordered the tube of 25mm cannon Oerlikon, Switzerland for making "test tube" tests, tests which were conducted Ballistic Tunnel Technical Center Aerospace (CTA), São José dos Campos, reduced models of shielding, to double, with the ammunition of 25 mm, the effect shots of 105 and 120mm. At the end of six months the project was ready shield compound.

Due to the time required by the Senior Management of ENGESA, that the chassis of the vehicle prototype should be ready within One year it was decided to make the design of the chassis ENGESA and design of the tower be moved to some firm foreign. After some discussion we chose the Vickers Defence Systems, located in Newcastle, Britain. The same would design the tower, based on the guidelines of ENGESA, and this last, keep 2 engineers at Vickers accompanying projects.

The first tower could be described as "tower standard" was designed around the 105 mm rifled gun, L7/M68. This Cannon was the most widely used throughout the West, being manufactured Great Britain, United States, Germany and Italy. It was a cannon so affordable, and excellent quality. Another important factor was that his ammunition was constructed in several countries, which, as in the case of the cannon, led to a low price and facilitated their acquisition.

As a system of fire were adopted periscopes Company OIP Belgium. The commander was the model LRS-5DN, Night Vision by intensification of light. The sniper periscope LRS-model 5DNLC, had additionally laser rangefinder and a computer shooting. The mirrors of the two periscopes were mechanically connected to the cannon, which was stabilized, and therefore stabilized the periscopes. As you can see, the "tower standard "is designed to be able to offer a product Good quality at an affordable price, which would be important for a large majority of armies.

[robisoncwb]

The second tower was designed taking into account its use Army Arabia, as well as those hosts that seek a tank of "high technology". This tower would get the smooth-bore gun of 120mm GIAT model G1 (France), as the British L11 120 mm due to be striped, had a higher force of indentation, which prevented from being used in a 42-ton vehicle. The German manufactured 120 mm by Rheinmetall was discarded by the difficulties of obtaining authorization of his employment, the German government. As the ammunition GIAT's G1 phone was the same as that of Rheinmetall, continued to ENGESA to offer one of the two most powerful guns available in the West.

It was determined that this would tower sniper periscope SFIMA mark (France), model VS 580 VICAS with day vision and laser rangefinder. The commander would have a periscope Wide (360), also branded SFIMA model VS 580, as daytime vision and laser rangefinder. The vision and shooting at night would be done through a periscope also widescreen, with infrared vision Philips USFA Model 9090 UA (Netherlands), with a television monitor for the shooter and the commander. All these telescopes were stabilization of the mirror within an accuracy 0.2 mils.

The Control System of Tyre Marconi Command and Control Systems, centered on a computer shooting 16-bit processed information coming from different sensors and controls, such as type of ammunition used, distance to the target, the same speed, direction wind, wear the soul of the tube, lateral inclination Vehicle etc.

Another important item was the use of so-called "window coincidence ", that took into account the position of cannon and the sight of the shooter. This was due to it being stabilization of the cannon (0.8 mils) due to their weight, not be as precise as the mirror of periscopes (0.2 mils), the two were not always directed to the same point. The "window of coincidence" meant that the cannon only shoot during its oscillation, its alignment coincided with that of the periscopes.

All the factors described above ensured an exceptional rate to "hit the target with the first shot." The commander with his made a panoramic camera observation of the field battle and watching a big target, he could push a button call the tower for this target, fire the rangefinder leisure and deliver shot to shot, with the work of even partially done. If extreme of a dangerous threat, in order not to lose time he could shoot.

To facilitate the handling of ammunition in combat, most part of the ammunition was installed in compartment on the back of the tower. This compartment for added security, had upper, thinner sheet metal, so as in case of explosion, the strength of that to go out and not into the tower. Separating the turret ammunition compartment There was a door, which opened to remove the ammunition desired, and closed on command of ammunition.

Work on the project began in the second half of 1983 and 1 prototype chassis was completed in September 1984. Until they were ready towers Vickers, were performed testing efficiency and durability of the chassis, and hit ultimately the operating parameters of the suspension hydro pneumatic.

The 1st tower, standard, arrived in Brazil in May 1985. Soon after his arrival he took the decision to take the 1 prototype chassis, equipped with a standard tower, Saudi Arabia. This seems an incongruity because the vehicle was not entirely representative of what would offered. However there were several factors that determine this decision: to show that the Saudis were working ENGESA in order to provide them with a tank of 1st line, and mainly to begin testing the vehicle in a scenario hitherto completely unknown ENGESA. The vehicle was flown on July 20, 1985, and by coincidence found the Challenger of Britain also auditioning. The results were excellent, except engine showed that a deficiency in the last day of testing. Returning to Brazil was sent to MWM, which has made after studies changes that ultimately solved the problem.

[robisoncwb]

The Brazilian Army collaborated on the project in a positive way: 2 engineers kept CTEx following the project and working specifically areas of communication and maintenance. In addition to giving approval to the project Osorio (essential for its sale), underwent one of the prototypes (equipped with the standard tower) of the complete process and RTEx RTOPO. The RTEx consisted in running for 3000 km under varying conditions of floor road, 102 to 3,000 shots and checking All details of the vehicle. The RTOPO consisted evaluation of the vehicle by an operational unit that evaluated the vehicle from the standpoint of their ability to perform mission combat. In this evaluation rode 500 km and were given 23 shots.

The 2nd tower arrived in early 1986 and soon after started work on integrating chassis / tower. The test results with the Brazilian Army and Saudi Arabia have been integrated to fabricate a new chassis it would be for testing in Saudi Arabia. Ultimately In July 1987 the final prototype of Osorio was sent to Saudi Arabia. Their opponents were there: Challenger (British) AMX-40 (French), M1 Abrams (U.S.). For testing were randomly selected teams of the Army who Arabia lead vehicle throughout the test period.

The tests were: 2350 km of running (1750 km in the desert), to overcome trench 3 m wide, take ramp starting at 65%, run on lateral ramp of 30%, testing acceleration, braking, Pivot (180 degrees), fuel consumption (2.1 l / km desert and 3.4 l / km paved road), and removal installation of the engine / transmission (20 minutes) removal and installation of caterpillars (10 minutes for removal and installation for 20 minutes) 6 hours with the engine running and car stopped, 6 km in reverse aft, and tow a tank of 35 tons. by 10 km. In part shooting 149 shots were made, of which 82 for testing conditions as the target vehicle and stationary vehicle stationary and moving target, vehicle moving and stationary target and finally vehicle and moving target. The greatest distance for vehicle and moving target was 1.500 m, and the target vehicle and stationary was 4000 m.

The results were excellent and Osorio was considered likely to be adopted by the Saudis. The M1 Abram was also considered acceptable, and the AMX-40 and Challenger before negative results were excluded. Soon after the prototype was sent Abu-Dhabi to be tested against the Italian OF-40. With the result Though successful in the tests was prepared by ENGESA the sales contract of Osorio, who understood from the provision of vehicles manufactured in Brazil, until the assembly of a manufacturing site for manufacturing the same. He was part of the training program a team of Army officers in the technology of Arabia armored vehicles.

The Brazilian army has continued its collaboration gone by the then Minister of the Army General Leonidas, Saudi Arabia, to carry the endorsement of the Army ENGESA product quality. The end result was disappointing for the ENGESA: the contract for the purchase of a new battle tank went to Abrams. This caused a big surprise for the coaches ENGESA the accompanying tests. They said that Osorio had shown over the test much higher than the Abrams, which even for his remarks and was not some of them. Anyway, since Arabia Army had declared that both Osorio as the Abrams were liable being adopted, obviously the greater political power of states United States was responsible for this decision. It should be noted Arabia that the Army did not provide any document to ENGESA stating that it had won the technical competition.

Soon after, the invasion of Kuwait, liquidated completely any hope that the ENGESA still could have. The U.S. aid to Saudi Arabia was the point final. It is unfortunate that an exceptional job as that of ENGESA technicians, have been wasted. Never have designed a tracked armored vehicle, projected that that was one of the best tanks in the world. The quality of the project was such that even today, with minor changes, Osorio occupy a prominent place among the various tanks available.

[robisoncwb]

Technical features

Weight (ton.)
Empty 41
in order to combat 43

Dimensions (m)
total length with gun forward 10.10
length of the chassis 7.13
width 3.26
height to the roof of the tower 2.37
height to the top of the periscope Commander 2.89
clear height from the ground 0.46
width of the caterpillars 0.57
length of the larvae in contact with soil 4.49

Angle of cannon shot -10 ° to +20 °
Power to weight ratio in order of battle (hp / ton) 24.2
Maximum road speed (km / h) 70
Acceleration from 0 to 30 km / h (sec.) 6
Surmountable obstacle height (m) 1.15
Width of trench surmountable (d.) 3
Notes:

1. My contribution to the Osorio was the choice hydro pneumatic suspension. I was, along with other engineers, the "Defence Components Exhibition" in Brighton in England. Stand alone visited the Dunlop, and there Major Peter Gudgin (RTR fought in the 48th during the 2nd War World - author of several books on arms and car fighting), I gave a presentation of equipment, which, combined with what I knew about this type of suspension, sealed my opinion that we should use it. Tried Exhibition at the Paul Eng André Del Negro (at the time technical manager of the program Osorio), and I explained my opinion. Initially Paul Andrew did not accept my suggestion, he considered that we had already chosen the torsion bar suspension, and not wanted to change this decision. But I convinced him to visit the Stand Dunlop and there in front of what was said and what he saw, he became convinced to review the decision on the suspension.

2. Luis Manuel Osorio, Marques de Herval, Lieutenant General (Marshal Army grad) 1808-1879. One of the most skilled and charismatic Brazilian Army generals. Distinguished himself in command of the cavalry, and in the War of the Triple Alliance (1865 to 1870) commanded a Corps. He was Minister of Army from 1878 to 1879.

3. During the program Osorio I was manager of marketing Military Products. One day one of my company's Vice Presidents called his office and asked me if I had set a name for the EE-T1 (its name at the time). I replied: "Yes, indeed - Osorio." He laughed and said: "What a moron."
A few days later he went to Brasilia to meet with Minister of the Army - at the time the Army General Waldir Pires - and asked the minister: "How, sir general, has already chosen a name for the EE-1? ". The general answered: "Yes, indeed - Osório"!
Osorio I chose because I wanted to use the same criterion the U.S. military, in use for the names of generals tanks. Besides, I considered that the name was easy for foreigners to pronounce, an important factor.
For reasons political / institutional use to Saudi Saudi named Khalid al.
A name not, in my opinion, was what we gave to one of our products: car Jararaca recognition. It is practically impossible for a European or Arab, speak fluently this name.

[robisoncwb]

Sorry for the huge post, here is a walkaround of Osório

http://www.spmodelismo.com.br/howto/...d/walk-003.php

EE-T1 Osorio Brasilian Tank - 1/35
http://www.hobbysta.pl/eet1-osorio-b...ml?language=en

[T90]

Story and process both fine...